Department Of Horticulture

Department Of Horticulture

Introduction

The term “Horticulture” is derived from two Latin words i.e. “Hortus” meaning “garden” or “enclosure” and “Cultra” meaning “cultivation”. So, horticulture literally means garden culture or culture of garden crops.

The term Agriculture‖ refers broadly to the technology of raising plants and animals .On the other hand ‘Horticulture’ which is a part of agriculture is concerned with the raising of so called garden crops.

In olden days staple (food) crops (Paddy, Maize, Wheat etc.) were grown in open fields on a large scale, while some crops of special interest like fruits, vegetables, flowers etc. were grown in the back yard of houses in an enclosure. In cases where fruits, vegetables and flowers were grown in areas other than backyards, they are protected by erecting walls, by raising live fences, non-live fences etc. i.e. they are enclosed. As such the term Horticulture in the original sense referred to the cultivation of crops with in the protected enclosure, which is often called as a garden (Crops grown in a protected enclosure). So, the culture of crops in gardens is referred as “Horticulture”.

At present, fruits, vegetables, flowers etc. are grown not only with in the back yards, but also in large areas in open fields on a commercial scale. Traditionally garden crops include fruits, vegetables and flowers. But today‘s horticulture deals not only the fruits, vegetables and flowers but also other important crops like spices, condiments, plantation crops, medicinal and aromatic plants etc,. Besides cultivation of these crops, present day horticulture deals with the utilization and improvement of these crops. Hence, modern horticulture may be defined as a part of agricultural science, which deals with the production, utilization, and improvement of fruits, vegetables, flowers, ornamentals, plantation crops, medicinal and aromatic plants etc.

Divisions of horticulture:

Horticulture crops include fruits, Vegetables, flowers, plantation crops, Spices, condiments, Medicinal and Aromatic crops etc. In addition to these, Horticulture also deals with raising of trees for shade, ornamental and avenue purposes, planning and raising of ornamental gardens, parks and raising of seed and planting material. Further, horticulture also deals with the utilization of horticulture produce and improvement of horticulture crops.

Hence, based upon the crops dealt and also their purpose and utilization, the branch of horticulture is sub-divided in to the following divisions for convenience.

Pomology: It is derived from two words i.e. “Pomum” meaning fruit and “Logos” meaning discourse or study. So, pomology is study or cultivation of fruit crops.

E.g. Mango, Sapota, Guava, Grape, Banana etc.

Fruit: It is a developed and matured ovary with or without accessory parts and which is generally eaten as raw.

Olericulture: It is derived from two words ie.  “Oleris” meaning Potherb and “Cultra” meaning cultivation. So, Olericulture literally means potherb cultivation. In the present days it is broadly used to indicate the cultivation of vegetables. Eg. Brinjal, Okra, Tomato, Pumpkin etc.

Vegetable: It is any part of the herbaceous plant that is generally used after cooking as a principal part of the meal.

Floriculture: It is derived from two words i.e. “Florus” meaning flower and “Cultra” meaning cultivation. So floriculture means study of flower crops.

In this there are again two sub-divisions.

(1) Commercial Floriculture

(2)Ornamental Floriculture.

1. Commercial floriculture: Deals with the cultivation of flower crops grown on commercial scale for profit (Income). E.g.: Rose, Jasmine, Carnation, Aster, and Marigold etc.

2. Ornamental floriculture: It deals with the raising of flower crops for ornamental, pleasure and fashion purposes. E.g.: Dahlia, Zinnia, Cosmos, Hibiscus, Balsam, Nerium, Poinsettia, Hollyhock, Gerbera, and Gaillardia etc.

Arboriculture: This branch deals with the raising of perennial trees meant for shade, avenue or ornamental purposes. Eg. Polyalthia, Spathodea, Cassia, Gulmohar etc.

Plantation crops: Are those crops, which are cultivated in an extensive scale in large contiguous areas, owned and managed by an individual or a company and whose produce is utilized only after processing. Eg. Coffee, Tea, Rubber, Coconut, Cocoa etc.

Spices and condiments: This branch deals with the cultivation of crops whose produce is used mainly for seasoning and flavouring dishes.

Spices: Are those plants the products of which are made use of as food adjuncts to add aroma and flavour. Eg. Pepper, Cardamom, Clove, Cinnamon, All spice etc.

Condiments: Are those plants the products of which are made use of as food adjuncts to add taste only. Eg. Turmeric, Ginger, Red chillies, Onion, Garlic etc. Both spices and condiments contain essential oils, which provide aroma, flavour and taste and they are of little nutritive value.

Medicinal and aromatic plants: It deals with the cultivation of medicinal plants, which provide drugs and aromatic crops which yields aromatic (essential) oils.

Medicinal plants– are those plants, which are rich in secondary metabolites and are potential sources of drugs. The secondary metabolites include alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins, flavonoides and steroids etc.

Eg. Periwinkle, Opium, Menthi, Cinchona, Dioscorea Yam, Belladona, Senna, Sarpagandha, Aswagandha, Tulasi etc.

Aromatic plants– are those plants, which possesses essential oils in them. The essential oils are the odoriferous steam volatile constituents of aromatic plants. Eg. Lemon grass, Citronella, Palmrosa, Vetiver, Geranium, Davanam, Lavendor etc.

Fruit technology: It deals with the processing and preservation of produce of horticulture crops.

Landscape gardening: It deals with the planning and execution of ornamental gardens, parks, landscape gardens etc.

Nursery and seed production: It deals with the production of seeds and planting material of horticulture crops on commercial basis.

Plants grown for aesthetic value are also included in horticulture. Though crops like potato, cowpea and several condiments are grown as field crops they are included under horticultural crops when they are grown as vegetables in small areas.

Importance

Horticultural produces contribute to national wealth. They are the important exportable commodities in many countries. In India also through export of horticultural produces our country is earning foreign exchange

India exporting flowers to America, Netherlands, Germany, Japan, UK, Onions to Malayasia, UAE, Singapore, Srilanka and Bangladesh. Vegetables to Srilanka, America, UAE, Spain, Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, U.K., Kuawait, Fresh grapes to UK, Netherlands, UAE, Bangladesh, Germany, Fresh fruits to Bangladesh, UAE, Saudi Arabia, UK and Srilanka. Processed vegetables to Egypt, Srilanka, UAE, America and Turkey and Mango pulp to Saudi Arabia, UAE, Netherlands, Kuwait and Germany. Pickles and Chutneys to UK, America, UAE, Spain etc.

Horticulture is a mother for many axillary industries like canning industries and processing industries etc. Several agro industries, based on horticultural products are being established there by solving the unemployment problem to some extent.Eg.Rubber, Coir (Coconut) and sago (Tapioca) industries.

Horticultural crops provide gainful employment for small farmers and agricultural labour throughout the year. One hectare of fruit production generates 860 man-days per annum as against 143 man-days for cereal crops. Some industrial attribute crops and cultural intensive crops like grape, banana and pineapple, generate much large employment ranging from 1,000 to 2,500 man-days per hectare.

Objectives

1. To utilise 2.9 million hectares of cultivable waste area.
2. To convert land from low value agriculture to high value agriculture.
3. To generate employment opportunities in rural areas.
4. To control soil erosion and
5. To improve the socio-economic condition of the farmers.

Salient features of Horticulture Development Programme

• Horticulture programme can be taken up on the land of any farmer irrespective of his caste and size of holdings.
• Plantation can be taken up on the minimum land of 0.2 hectares and maximum of 4.00 hectares of a beneficiary.
• The programme can be executed at 100 per cent government cost in the lands of farmers belonging to Scheduled Caste/Scheduled tribe/Nomadic Tribes and of small farmers. In case of other beneficiaries, the government would provide 100 per cent assistance on wages and 75 per cent assistance on inputs. The subsidy is given in cash for wages and in kind for inputs such as planting material, fertiliser, plant protection chemicals, etc., for a period of three years.

Sr. No.	Name of the Glassware	Number
1	Khurpe	6
2	Falcon Economy M-2 water can	3
3	Farmers Spare Parts kudali	3
4	Farmers Spare Parts secateur	1
5	Farmers Spare Parts transplanting trawel	6
6	Farmers Spare Parts bill hook	2
7	Farmers Spare Parts budding & grafting knife	2
8	Farmers Spare Parts Hand spray	3
9	Falcon Spare Parts grafting knife	1
10	Falcon Hedge Shear FHS	1
11	Farmers Spare Parts  grass share	4
12	Priya Pump 1 liter	3
13	Rose Cutter (pruning knife)	1
14	Falcon Spare Parts  rake	1
15	Farmers Spare Parts hand cultivator	6
16	Farmers Spare Parts budding knife	2
17	Falcon Spare Parts  garden fork	3
18	Morchud	5
19	Chuna	10
20	Zari	5
21	Khurpi	15
22	Bucket Lily	10
23	Bucket Rose	10
24	Bucket Lotus	10
25	Foret	1
26	M-45 (100g)	1
27	Indoslphen (100g)	1
28	Methale Parashine (1kg)	1
29	Tommato (10gm)	13
30	Plastic Tray	24
31	Lokhandi Ghameli Pati	5
32	Khori	10
33	Tikav	5
34	Dandi	15
35	Khurpi (Veeli)	30
36	Dustbin	10
37	Carry Bag (1kg)	1
38	Bucket Sunflower	10
39	Bucket Jasmine	10
40	super Dhamaka (20ml)	5
41	Kitchen Knife	1
42	Pealer	1
43	Slicer	1
44	Lemon Squcesor	1
45	Strainer	1
46	5 mm sun boards (Fome) Eco solvent printing with designing and synthetic frame with 5″ x 3 ” size synthetic black frame	2
47	5″ x 3 ” size synthetic black frame	2
48	Star Flax Digital boards four pass printing	10
49	Wooden Chopper	1
50	Sona Wefers Khisni	1
51	Vagrale	1
52	Puran Yantra	1
53	Lemon Squcesor	1
54	Ravi	1
55	Chamcha Pali	1
56	Kitchen Knife	3
57	Pealer	2
58	Khalbatta	1
59	Big Plate	4
60	Stile Top	4
61	Vaibhav Kudal Khore	2
62	SIM Weeding Trowell Small	2
63	Falcon Budding  Grafting Knife	7
64	Falcon PR. Knife FBK-70	4
65	Falcon PR secateur Regular	5
66	Falcon Bill Hook 706	1
67	S/M Khurpe Tata Type K-6	30
68	S/M Panja – Hand Cultivator	6
69	Falcon PR. Hedge Shear FHS	1
70	Paras Ghamela Krishidhan	5
71	Amot Water Can Sprayer	5
72	Amit Shower Can 5 lit	3
73	Vaibhav Kurhad With sticks	2
74	Meher & Mukund Datale GTE	5
75	Gas stove with adaptor and pipe	1
76	Falcon Pr. Shovel – FRS 3000	1
77	Falcon Weeding Trowel-FWT 203 Small	1
78	Falcon Weeding Trowel-FWT 204 Big	1
79	Falcon Pr. Secater-fine Cut	1
80	Falcon Pr. Secater-Super	1
81	Falcon Pr. Secater- Super Cut	1
82	Falcon Pr. Secater-Major	1
83	Falcon Weeding Fork-FWT 102	1
84	Falcon Hedge Shear-FHS-999	1
85	Falcon FixedSaw-FS-333	1
86	Falcon 999 – spead	1
87	Falcon Prunning saw	1
88	Kokan Tree  – D. Huskar	1
89	M/2 – Tree Prunner	2
90	Falcon FGK 50 – Prunning shear	9